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<link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/base.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/fancy.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89606522/raw.css" rel="stylesheet"/><div id="sidebar" style="display: none"><div id="outline"></div></div><div class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1" id="pf1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img alt="" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89606522/bg1.jpg"/><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">暑假练习卷<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">一、选择题<span class="ff2">(<span class="ff3">本题包括<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>16<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">小题</span>,<span class="ff3">每小题<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>3<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">分</span>,<span class="ff3">共<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>48<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意</span>)</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">广州高一期末</span>)<span class="ff3">下列有关化学用语使用正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．乙酸的结构简式：</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．一氯甲烷的电子式：</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．醛基的结构简式：</span>—COH</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．聚氯乙烯的结构简式：<span class="ff5">�</span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y8 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y7 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">—CHCl<span class="ff5">�</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案　<span class="ff2">D</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ya ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff3">．下列有关说法不正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yb ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．纤维素、蛋白质和油脂都是能发生水解反应的高分子</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yc ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．疫苗未冷藏储运而失效</span>,<span class="ff3">这与蛋白质变性有关</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．硫酸亚铁片和维生素<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>C<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">同时服用</span>,<span class="ff3">能增强治疗缺铁性贫血的效果</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．甲烷、乙醇、乙酸和酯类都可以发生取代反应</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">A</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y10 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">油脂可以水解<span class="ff2">,</span>但油脂不是高分子<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_"> </span></span>错误；疫苗主要成分为蛋白质<span class="ff2">,</span>在温<span class="_ _1"></span>度高的情况下<span class="ff2">,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y11 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">会发生性质改变而变性<span class="ff2">,B<span class="_"> </span></span>正确<span class="_ _2"></span>；<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ff2">Fe</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y12 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff4">＋</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y11 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">具有还原性<span class="ff2">,</span>易被氧化为<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Fe</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y12 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="ff4">＋</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y11 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="ff4">维生素<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>C<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">具有还原性</span>,<span class="ff4">可以</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y13 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">将<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Fe</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y14 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="ff4">＋</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y13 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">还原为<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Fe</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y14 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff4">＋</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y13 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="ff4">从而促进<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>Fe</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y14 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff4">＋</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h5 y13 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的吸收<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>正确<span class="_ _3"></span>；<span class="_ _3"></span>甲烷和氯气可发生取代反应<span class="ff2">,</span>乙醇、乙酸可</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y15 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">发生酯化反应<span class="ff2">(</span>取代反应<span class="ff2">),</span>酯类可发生水解反应<span class="ff2">(</span>取代反应<span class="ff2">),D<span class="_"> </span></span>正确。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y16 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">云南玉溪一中高一期中</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y17 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．以碳为骨架的有机物种类繁多的原因只与碳原子间的成键方式有关</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y18 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．丁烷分子中所有的碳原子均在同一条直线上</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y19 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．分子组成符合<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>C</div><div class="t m0 xf h7 y1a ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">n</div><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y19 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">H</div><div class="t m0 x11 h8 y1a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff6">n<span class="ff3">＋</span></span>2</div><div class="t m0 x12 h2 y19 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的烃一定是烷烃</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．碳、氢原子个数比为<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>1<span class="ff3">∶</span>3<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">的烷烃有两种</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">C</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">含碳化合物种类繁多的原因是碳原子与碳原子或其他原子之间形成单键、<span class="_ _4"></span>双键或三键<span class="ff2">,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y1e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">可以形成链状或环状<span class="ff2">,</span>不只与碳原子间的成键方式有关<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _4"></span>；<span class="_ _3"></span>丁烷中碳原子形成的碳链呈锯</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">齿形<span class="_ _1"></span>结构<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>不<span class="_ _1"></span>在<span class="_ _1"></span>同一<span class="_ _1"></span>条直<span class="_ _1"></span>线<span class="_ _1"></span>上<span class="ff2">,B<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _1"></span>；<span class="ff6">N<span class="ff2">(C)<span class="ff3">∶</span></span>N<span class="ff2">(H)<span class="_ _1"></span></span></span>＝<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">1<span class="ff3">∶</span>3<span class="_"> </span></span>时<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>有<span class="_ _1"></span>机物<span class="_ _1"></span>分<span class="_ _1"></span>子式<span class="_ _1"></span>只能<span class="_ _1"></span>为<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">C</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y20 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x14 h4 y1f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">H</div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y20 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m0 x16 h5 y1f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="ff4">符<span class="_ _1"></span>合</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y21 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">该分子式的烃只有乙烷<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>错误。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y22 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">广州高一月考</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y23 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色与乙烯使酸性<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>KMnO</div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y24 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x18 h2 y23 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液褪色均发生了加成反应</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y25 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．丙烯和氯气在一定条件下生成<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y26 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x1a h4 y25 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH—CH</div><div class="t m0 x1b h3 y26 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x1c h2 y25 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">与乙烷和氯气光照下均发生了取代反应</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611830,0.000000,0.000000,1.611830,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div><div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89606522/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．己烷与溴水混合时溴水褪色与乙烯使溴水褪色均发生了加成反应</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．乙烯生成聚乙烯与乙炔生成乙烯均发生了加聚反应</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">B</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">乙烯使<span class="_ _1"></span>溴的四氯化<span class="_ _1"></span>碳溶液褪色<span class="_ _1"></span>发生了加成反<span class="_ _1"></span>应<span class="ff2">,</span>乙烯使<span class="_ _1"></span>酸性<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">KMnO</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h3 y28 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x1e h5 y27 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液褪色是发<span class="_ _1"></span>生了</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y29 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">氧化还原反应<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _4"></span>；<span class="_ _3"></span>己烷与溴水混合时溴水褪色是由于溴单质从水中转移到己烷中<span class="ff2">,</span>乙烯使</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y2a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溴水褪色发生了加成反应<span class="ff2">,</span>生成<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">1,2-</span>二溴乙烷<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _4"></span>；<span class="_ _4"></span>乙烯生成聚乙烯是发生了加聚反应<span class="ff2">,</span>乙炔</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y2b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">生成乙烯是乙炔与氢气发生了加成反应<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>错误。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">四川达州中学高一月考</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．凡是分子组成相差一个或若干个<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x1f h3 y2e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y2d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">原子团的物质<span class="ff2">,</span>彼此一定互为同系物</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．</span>C</div><div class="t m0 x21 h3 y30 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x22 h4 y2f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">H</div><div class="t m0 x23 h3 y30 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9</div><div class="t m0 x24 h2 y2f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">有<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>4<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">种同分异构体</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y31 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．</span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y32 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x23 h4 y31 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">—CH=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH—CH</div><div class="t m0 x26 h3 y32 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x27 h2 y31 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">分子中所有原子共面</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y33 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．天然橡胶的主要成分是聚异戊二烯</span>(<span class="_ _7"> </span>),<span class="ff3">聚异戊二烯不能使溴水褪色</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">B</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">同系<span class="_ _1"></span>物还要求<span class="_ _1"></span>结构类似<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>例如<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">1-<span class="_ _1"></span></span>戊烯和环<span class="_ _1"></span>己烷相差<span class="_ _1"></span>一个<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x28 h3 y36 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x29 h5 y35 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="ff4">但它们不<span class="_ _1"></span>互为同系<span class="_ _1"></span>物</span>,A<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">错</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y37 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">误；该<span class="_ _1"></span>分子中<span class="_ _1"></span>含有甲<span class="_ _1"></span>基<span class="ff2">,</span>所<span class="_ _1"></span>有原子<span class="_ _1"></span>一定不<span class="_ _1"></span>共平面<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _1"></span>；聚异<span class="_ _1"></span>戊二<span class="_ _1"></span>烯含有<span class="_ _1"></span>碳碳双<span class="_ _1"></span>键<span class="ff2">,</span>能<span class="_ _1"></span>使溴水</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y38 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">褪色<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>错误。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">太原师范学院附中高一联考</span>)<span class="ff3">下列叙述错误的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．</span>1 mol CH</div><div class="t m0 x2a h3 y3b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2b h4 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 xc h3 y3b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x10 h2 y3a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">先与<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">HCl<span class="_"> </span></span>发生加成反应<span class="ff2">,</span>再与<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Cl</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c h3 y3b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2d h2 y3a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">发生取代反应<span class="ff2">,</span>最多消耗<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Cl</span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y3b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2f h4 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 2.5 mol</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．实验室中可用如图所示方法除去<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x1f h3 y3d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x30 h4 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x31 h3 y3d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x32 h2 y3c ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">气体中的<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 h3 y3d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x34 h4 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x35 h3 y3d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x29 h2 y3c ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">气体</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．实验室中可用酸性<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>KMnO</div><div class="t m0 x36 h3 y3f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x37 h2 y3e ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液鉴别<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 h3 y3f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x39 h4 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x3a h3 y3f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x3b h2 y3e ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">气体和<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x3c h3 y3f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x3d h4 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x3e h3 y3f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x3f h2 y3e ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">气体</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．工业上可利用<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x40 h3 y41 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x11 h4 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x41 h3 y41 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x42 h2 y40 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">与<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">HCl<span class="_"> </span></span>的加成反应制得纯净的<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x43 h3 y41 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x44 h4 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x45 h3 y41 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x46 h4 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">A</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff2">1 mol CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x47 h3 y44 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x48 h4 y43 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x49 h3 y44 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x4a h5 y43 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">先与<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">HCl<span class="_"> </span></span>发生加成反应生<span class="_ _1"></span>成<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">1 mol<span class="_"> </span></span>一氯乙烷<span class="ff2">,</span>分子<span class="_ _1"></span>中含有<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">5<span class="_"> </span></span>个<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">H<span class="_"> </span></span>原子<span class="ff2">,</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y45 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">再与<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Cl</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h3 y46 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x24 h5 y45 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">发生取代反应<span class="ff2">,</span>最多消耗<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Cl</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b h3 y46 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x4c h5 y45 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 5 mol,A<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">错误。</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y47 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">江苏南通金沙中学高一期中</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法不正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y48 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．①丙烷、②正戊烷、③异丁烷、④新戊烷</span>,<span class="ff3">沸点由高到低的顺序是②</span>><span class="ff3">④</span>><span class="ff3">③</span>><span class="ff3">①</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．高分子：<span class="_ _8"> </span>的单体是乙烯和<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x4d h3 y4a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x4e h4 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH—CH=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x4f h3 y4a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．丙烯与<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>HCl<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">加成可以得到互为同分异构体的两种有机物</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．由甲烷结构可知<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CCl</div><div class="t m0 x26 h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x27 h2 y4c ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">也是正四面体结构<span class="ff2">,</span>而丙烯所有原子不可能共面</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611830,0.000000,0.000000,1.611830,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div><div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89606522/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">B</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">烷烃中碳原子数目越多<span class="ff2">,</span>沸点越高<span class="ff2">,</span>同分异构体中支链越多<span class="ff2">,</span>沸点越低<span class="ff2">,</span>则沸点由高到低的</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">顺<span class="_ _9"></span>序<span class="_ _9"></span>为<span class="_ _9"></span>：<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff3">②<span class="_ _9"></span></span>＞<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff3">④<span class="_ _9"></span></span>＞<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff3">③<span class="_ _9"></span></span>＞<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff3">①<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_ _5"> </span></span></span>正<span class="_ _9"></span>确<span class="_ _9"></span>；<span class="_ _9"></span>根<span class="_ _9"></span>据<span class="_ _9"></span>该<span class="_ _9"></span>高<span class="_ _9"></span>分<span class="_ _9"></span>子<span class="_ _9"></span>结<span class="_ _9"></span>构<span class="_ _9"></span>可<span class="_ _9"></span>知<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _9"></span></span>该<span class="_ _9"></span>高<span class="_ _9"></span>分<span class="_ _9"></span>子<span class="_ _9"></span>为<span class="_ _9"></span>加<span class="_ _9"></span>聚<span class="_ _9"></span>产<span class="_ _9"></span>物<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _9"></span></span>单<span class="_ _9"></span>体<span class="_ _9"></span>是</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x50 h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x51 h4 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CHCH=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x52 h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y4e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">和<span class="_ _1"></span>丙<span class="_ _1"></span>烯<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,B<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>不正<span class="_ _1"></span>确<span class="_ _9"></span>；丙<span class="_ _1"></span>烯<span class="_ _1"></span>一<span class="_ _1"></span>定<span class="_ _1"></span>条<span class="_ _9"></span>件下<span class="_ _1"></span>与<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">HCl<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>加<span class="_ _1"></span>成<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>生<span class="_ _1"></span>成<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">1-<span class="_ _1"></span></span>氯<span class="_ _1"></span>丙<span class="_ _1"></span>烷<span class="_ _1"></span>或<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">2-<span class="_ _1"></span></span>氯<span class="_ _1"></span>丙</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y50 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">烷<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>正确；丙烯中含有甲基<span class="ff2">,</span>所有原子不可能共面<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>正确。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y51 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8<span class="ff3">．</span>(2022·<span class="ff4">山东济宁高一检测</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y52 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．<span class="_ _a"> </span>中有<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>8<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">个碳原子可能在同一条直线上</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y53 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．将牛油和滴有酚酞的烧碱溶液混合加热</span>,<span class="ff3">一段时间后</span>,<span class="ff3">牛油消失</span>,<span class="ff3">溶液颜色变浅</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y54 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．在<span class="_ _b"> </span>分子中</span>,<span class="ff3">同一平面内的碳原子最少应有<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>10<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">个</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y55 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．氨基酸为高分子</span>,<span class="ff3">种类较多</span>,<span class="ff3">分子中都含有</span>—COOH<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">和</span>—NH</div><div class="t m0 x53 h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y57 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">B</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y58 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析<span class="_ _1"></span>　<span class="ff4">碳<span class="_ _1"></span>碳三<span class="_ _1"></span>键为<span class="_ _1"></span>直线<span class="_ _1"></span>形<span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>处于<span class="_ _1"></span>苯环<span class="_ _1"></span>对位<span class="_ _1"></span>上的<span class="_ _1"></span>原子<span class="_ _1"></span>在一<span class="_ _1"></span>条<span class="_ _1"></span>直线<span class="_ _1"></span>上<span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>故最<span class="_ _1"></span>多有<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">6<span class="_"> </span></span>个碳<span class="_ _1"></span>原子<span class="_ _1"></span>可能<span class="_ _1"></span>在</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y59 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">同一条直线上<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_"> </span></span>错误<span class="_ _4"></span>；<span class="_ _3"></span>将牛油和烧碱溶液混合加热<span class="ff2">,</span>牛油发生水解生成的高级脂肪酸钠和甘油</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y5a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶解<span class="_ _1"></span>在<span class="_ _1"></span>溶<span class="_ _1"></span>液中<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>溶<span class="_ _1"></span>液分<span class="_ _1"></span>层<span class="_ _1"></span>现<span class="_ _1"></span>象消<span class="_ _1"></span>失<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>同时<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">NaOH<span class="_"> </span></span>被<span class="_ _1"></span>消<span class="_ _1"></span>耗<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>溶<span class="_ _1"></span>液<span class="_ _1"></span>的<span class="_ _1"></span>碱性<span class="_ _1"></span>减<span class="_ _1"></span>弱<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>溶<span class="_ _1"></span>液<span class="_ _1"></span>颜<span class="_ _1"></span>色变<span class="_ _1"></span>浅<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,B<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>正确<span class="_ _1"></span>；</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">依据苯的共平面结构<span class="ff2">,<span class="ff7"> <span class="_ _c"> </span></span></span>分子中每个苯环上有<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="ff2">8<span class="_ _d"> </span></span>个碳原子一定在同一个平面上<span class="ff2">,</span>另外<span class="ff2">,</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y5c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">苯环的<span class="_ _1"></span>对位碳<span class="_ _1"></span>原子在<span class="_ _1"></span>一条直<span class="_ _1"></span>线上<span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>也在一<span class="_ _1"></span>个平面<span class="_ _1"></span>上<span class="ff2">,</span>所<span class="_ _1"></span>以共有<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">9<span class="_"> </span></span>个碳<span class="_ _1"></span>原子一<span class="_ _1"></span>定在一<span class="_ _1"></span>个平面<span class="_ _1"></span>上<span class="ff2">,C</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y5d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">错误；氨基酸的相对分子质量远小于<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">10 000,</span>所以氨基酸不是高分子<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>错误。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9<span class="ff3">．</span>(2023·<span class="ff4">徐州高一月考</span>)<span class="ff3">下列说法正确的是</span>(<span class="ff3">　　</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．<span class="_ _e"> </span>与<span class="_ _f"> </span>互为同分异构体</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y60 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．分子式为<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x48 h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x54 h4 y60 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl</div><div class="t m0 xf h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x55 h2 y60 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的物质共有<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">2<span class="_"> </span></span>种结构</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y62 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．</span>CH<span class="ff3">≡</span>CH<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">和<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>CH</div><div class="t m0 x56 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x57 h4 y62 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH—CH=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x58 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x59 h2 y62 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">互为同系物</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y64 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．<span class="_ _10"> </span>和<span class="_ _11"> </span>互为同分异构体</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y65 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案　<span class="ff2">D</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y66 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析<span class="_ _1"></span>　<span class="_ _12"> </span><span class="ff4">与<span class="_ _f"> </span>是<span class="_ _1"></span>同<span class="_ _1"></span>一种<span class="_ _1"></span>物<span class="_ _1"></span>质<span class="ff2">,A<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>项错<span class="_ _1"></span>误<span class="_ _1"></span>；甲<span class="_ _1"></span>烷<span class="_ _1"></span>为正<span class="_ _1"></span>四<span class="_ _1"></span>面体<span class="_ _1"></span>结<span class="_ _1"></span>构<span class="ff2">,CH</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5a h3 y67 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2e h4 y66 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl</div><div class="t m0 x5b h3 y67 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x5c h5 y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">是甲<span class="_ _1"></span>烷<span class="_ _1"></span>的</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611830,0.000000,0.000000,1.611830,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div><div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89606522/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">二氯<span class="_ _1"></span>代物<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>故<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x47 h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x48 h4 y1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cl</div><div class="t m0 x5d h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x5e h2 y1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">只有<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff2">1<span class="_"> </span></span>种<span class="_ _1"></span>结构<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,B<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>项错<span class="_ _1"></span>误；<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">CH<span class="ff3">≡</span>CH<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>和<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">CH</span></div><div class="t m0 x5f h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x60 h4 y1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH—CH=<span class="_ _6"></span>=CH</div><div class="t m0 x61 h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x62 h5 y1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">是不<span class="_ _1"></span>同类<span class="_ _1"></span>别</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y69 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的物质<span class="ff2">,</span>不互为同<span class="_ _1"></span>系物<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>项错误；<span class="_ _10"> </span>和<span class="_ _13"> </span>分子式相同、结构不<span class="_ _1"></span>同<span class="ff2">,</span>二者互为同分<span class="_ _1"></span>异构体<span class="ff2">,D</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y6a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">项正确。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10<span class="ff3">．<span class="_ _2"></span>有机物<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">A<span class="_"> </span></span>的产量是衡量一个国家石油化工发展水平的标志<span class="ff2">,</span>可发生以下系列转化<span class="ff2">,B</span>、<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ff2">D<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">是</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6c ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">生活中常见的两种有机物<span class="ff2">,</span>下列说法不正确的是<span class="ff2">(</span>　　<span class="ff2">)</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．</span>A<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">的电子式为</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff3">．</span>75%<span class="ff3">的<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>B<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">溶液</span>(<span class="ff3">体积分数</span>)<span class="ff3">可作医用消毒剂</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="ff3">．</span>B<span class="ff3">、</span>D<span class="ff3">、</span>E<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">三种物质可以用饱和<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>Na</div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y70 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x1a h4 y6f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CO</div><div class="t m0 x63 h3 y70 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x64 h2 y6f ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液鉴别</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y71 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="ff3">．由<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>B<span class="ff3">、</span>D<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">制备<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>E<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">时浓<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>H</div><div class="t m0 x65 h3 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x66 h4 y71 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">SO</div><div class="t m0 x37 h3 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x67 h2 y71 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">只作吸水剂</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">D</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">根据题意可知<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">A<span class="_"> </span></span>是乙烯<span class="ff2">,B<span class="_"> </span></span>是乙醇<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>是乙醛<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>是乙酸<span class="ff2">,E<span class="_"> </span></span>是乙酸乙酯。<span class="_ _14"></span><span class="ff2">A<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">是乙烯</span>,<span class="ff4">其电子</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y75 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">式为<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="ff2">,A<span class="_"> </span></span>项正确；体积分数为<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">75%</span>的酒精可<span class="_ _1"></span>作医用消毒剂<span class="ff2">,B<span class="_"> </span></span>项正确；乙醇能<span class="_ _1"></span>够</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y76 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶于水<span class="ff2">,</span>不分层<span class="ff2">,</span>乙酸与饱和<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff2">Na</span></div><div class="t m0 x68 h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x69 h4 y76 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CO</div><div class="t m0 x6a h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 xe h5 y76 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液反应放出气体<span class="ff2">,</span>有气泡产生<span class="ff2">,</span>而乙酸乙酯与饱和<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff2">Na</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x6b h4 y76 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CO</div><div class="t m0 x6c h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y78 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液互不相溶<span class="ff2">,</span>混合后分层<span class="ff2">,</span>故可以用饱和<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Na</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 h3 y79 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x39 h4 y78 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CO</div><div class="t m0 x3a h3 y79 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x3b h5 y78 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液鉴别<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">B</span>、<span class="ff2">D</span>、<span class="ff2">E<span class="_"> </span></span>三种物质<span class="ff2">,C<span class="_"> </span></span>项正确<span class="_ _17"></span>；<span class="_ _17"></span>由</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y7a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="ff4">、</span>D<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">制备<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>E<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">时浓<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>H</div><div class="t m0 x57 h3 y7b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x55 h4 y7a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">SO</div><div class="t m0 x6d h3 y7b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x6e h5 y7a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">作催化剂、吸水剂<span class="ff2">,D<span class="_"> </span></span>项错误。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">11<span class="ff3">．</span>(2021·<span class="ff4">山东</span>,7)<span class="ff3">某同学进行蔗糖水解实验</span>,<span class="ff3">并检验产物中的醛基</span>,<span class="ff3">操作如下<span class="_ _14"></span>：<span class="_ _18"></span>向试管<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>Ⅰ<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>中加</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">入<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">1 mL 20%</span>蔗糖溶液<span class="ff2">,</span>加入<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">3<span class="_"> </span></span>滴稀硫酸<span class="ff2">,</span>水浴加热<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">5<span class="_"> </span></span>分钟。<span class="_ _19"></span>打开盛有<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">10% NaOH<span class="_"> </span></span>溶液的试剂瓶<span class="ff2">,</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7e ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">将玻璃瓶塞倒放<span class="ff2">,</span>取<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff2">1 mL<span class="_ _1a"> </span></span>溶液加入试管<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>Ⅱ<span class="ff2">,</span>盖紧瓶塞<span class="_ _4"></span>；<span class="_ _4"></span>向试管<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>Ⅱ<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>中加入<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff2">5<span class="_ _1a"> </span></span>滴<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff2">2% CuSO</span></div><div class="t m0 x6f h3 y7f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x70 h2 y7e ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">溶液。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y80 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">将试管<span class="ff2"> <span class="_ _5"> </span></span>Ⅱ<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>中反应液<span class="_ _1"></span>加入试管<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>Ⅰ<span class="ff2">,</span>用酒<span class="_ _1"></span>精灯加<span class="_ _1"></span>热试管<span class="ff2"> <span class="_ _5"> </span></span>Ⅰ<span class="ff2"> <span class="_"> </span></span>并观察现<span class="_ _1"></span>象。实验<span class="_ _1"></span>中存在的<span class="_ _1"></span>错误有</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y81 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">几处<span class="ff2">(</span>　　<span class="ff2">)</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y82 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="ff3">．</span>1 <span class="_ _1b"> </span>B<span class="ff3">．</span>2 <span class="_ _1b"> </span>C<span class="ff3">．</span>3 <span class="_ _1b"> </span>D<span class="ff3">．</span>4</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">答案<span class="ff3">　<span class="ff2">B</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y84 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">解析　<span class="ff4">第<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">1<span class="_"> </span></span>处错误<span class="_ _18"></span>：<span class="_ _14"></span>利用新制氢氧化铜溶液检验蔗糖水解生成的葡萄糖中的醛基时<span class="ff2">,</span>溶液需保</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y85 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">持弱碱性<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff2">,</span>否则作<span class="_ _1"></span>水解催化<span class="_ _1"></span>剂的酸会<span class="_ _1"></span>与氢氧化<span class="_ _1"></span>铜反应<span class="ff2">,<span class="_ _1"></span></span>导致实验<span class="_ _1"></span>失败<span class="ff2">,</span>题<span class="_ _1"></span>干实验过<span class="_ _1"></span>程中蔗糖<span class="_ _1"></span>水解</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y86 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">后溶液未冷却且未碱化<span class="_ _18"></span>；<span class="_ _14"></span>第<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">2<span class="_"> </span></span>处错误<span class="_ _14"></span>：<span class="_ _14"></span><span class="ff2">NaOH<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">溶液具有强碱性</span>,<span class="ff4">不能用玻璃瓶塞</span>,<span class="ff4">否则<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>NaOH<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">与</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y87 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">玻璃塞中<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">SiO</span></div><div class="t m0 x71 h3 y88 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x72 h5 y87 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">反应生成具有黏性的<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">Na</span></div><div class="t m0 x73 h3 y88 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x74 h4 y87 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">SiO</div><div class="t m0 x64 h3 y88 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x38 h5 y87 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="ff4">会导致瓶盖无法打开</span>,<span class="ff4">共<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>2<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff4">处错误。</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y89 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">12<span class="ff3">．<span class="_ _1c"></span>在探索苯结构的过程中<span class="ff2">,</span>人们写出了符合分子式<span class="_ _1c"></span><span class="ff7">“<span class="ff2">C</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x75 h3 y8a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m0 x76 h4 y89 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">H</div><div class="t m0 x77 h3 y8a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m0 x18 h2 y89 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">”<span class="_ _1c"></span><span class="ff3">的多种可能结构<span class="ff2">,</span>符合分子式<span class="_ _1c"></span><span class="ff7">“<span class="ff2">C</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x78 h3 y8a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m0 x79 h4 y89 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">H</div><div class="t m0 x7a h3 y8a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m0 x7b h2 y89 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">”</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y8b ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的多种可能结构如图所示<span class="ff2">,</span>下列说法正确的是<span class="ff2">(</span>　　<span class="ff2">)</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611830,0.000000,0.000000,1.611830,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

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基于JAVA的大学生竞赛管理系统（Vue.js+SpringBoot+MySQL）
基于Vue.js和SpringBoot的大学生竞赛管理系统是一个专为高校竞赛活动设计的综合性管理平台，它分为管理后台和用户网页端，以满足不同角色的需求。管理员可以通过后台进行学生和教师信息的管理，包括添加、删除和修改等操作，确保信息的准确性和完整性。学生和教师则可以通过用户网页端查看竞赛信息，了解竞赛的规则、时间、地点等关键信息，并进行竞赛报名。此外，系统还提供了基础模块，如用户登录、权限管理等，以保障系统的安全性和稳定性。整个系统的设计旨在提高竞赛管理的效率，方便学生和教师参与竞赛活动，同时也为管理员提供了一个高效的管理工具。演示录屏：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zw4m1o7Gj配套教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pW4y1P7GR
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