基于51单片机的恒温水箱PID控制程序：精准测温与快速调节，LCD显示，DS18B20传感器与继电器控制加热，可设置目标温度值,基于51单片机的恒温水箱PID控制程序仿真：精准测温与快速调节，LCD显
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基于51单片机的恒温水箱PID控制程序：精准测温与快速调节，LCD显示，DS18B20传感器与继电器控制加热，可设置目标温度值,基于51单片机的恒温水箱PID控制程序仿真：精准测温与快速调节，LCD显示及按键设定目标温度,基于51单片机设计恒温水箱控制程序仿真加热棒PID算法闭环采用LCD1602时显示温度值及目标值，温度测量范围0~99.9℃，精度±0.1℃；通过DS18B20温度传感器采集温度作为输入，PID算法控制控制PWM输出，通过继电器控制加热器加热，在温度改变时可以迅速的调整输出；可通过按键可以设置目标温度值；“功能”键 ：按下后切设置 正常温度控制；“加值”键：在设置时，按下目标温度+1；“减值”键 ：在设置时，按下目标温度-1,基于51单片机; 恒温水箱控制程序; PID算法闭环; 加热棒控制; 温度传感器DS18B20; PWM输出; 继电器控制; LCD1602显示; 温度值设置,基于51单片机，实现恒温水箱控制程序——PID算法闭环仿真加热棒 <link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/base.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/fancy.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/90431121/2/raw.css" rel="stylesheet"/><div id="sidebar" style="display: none"><div id="outline"></div></div><div class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1" id="pf1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img alt="" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/90431121/bg1.jpg"/><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">基于<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">51<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>单片机设计的恒温水箱控制程序仿真</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">一、引言</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">随着现代科技的发展，<span class="_ _1"></span>人们对于各种设备和装置的控制精确性、<span class="_ _1"></span>智能性和自动化水平提出了</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">更高的要求。<span class="_ _2"></span>在众多的控制项目中，<span class="_ _2"></span>恒温水箱控制系统凭借其实际应用场景和精度要求，<span class="_ _2"></span>成</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">为<span class="_ _3"></span>了<span class="_ _3"></span>我<span class="_ _3"></span>们<span class="_ _3"></span>关<span class="_ _3"></span>注<span class="_ _3"></span>的<span class="_ _3"></span>焦<span class="_ _3"></span>点<span class="_ _3"></span>。<span class="_ _3"></span>本<span class="_ _3"></span>文<span class="_ _3"></span>将<span class="_ _3"></span>介<span class="_ _3"></span>绍<span class="_ _3"></span>一<span class="_ _3"></span>个<span class="_ _3"></span>基<span class="_ _3"></span>于<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff2">51<span class="_"> </span></span>单<span class="_ _3"></span>片<span class="_ _3"></span>机<span class="_ _3"></span>的<span class="_ _3"></span>恒<span class="_ _3"></span>温<span class="_ _3"></span>水<span class="_ _3"></span>箱<span class="_ _3"></span>控<span class="_ _3"></span>制<span class="_ _3"></span>程<span class="_ _3"></span>序<span class="_ _3"></span>的<span class="_ _3"></span>设<span class="_ _3"></span>计<span class="_ _3"></span>与<span class="_ _3"></span>实<span class="_ _3"></span>现<span class="_ _3"></span>，</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">该系统采用<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PID<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>算法进行闭环控制，<span class="_ _5"></span>通过<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>温度传感器进行温度采集，<span class="_ _5"></span>并通过<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PWM</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">输出和继电器控制加热棒的加热过程。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">二、系统硬件设计</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">系统硬件主要由<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">51<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>单片机、<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2">LCD1602<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">显示屏、<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">温度传感器、<span class="_ _6"></span>加热棒、<span class="_ _6"></span>继电器等组</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">成。其中，<span class="ff2">51<span class="_"> </span></span>单片机作为核心控制<span class="_ _3"></span>器，负责整个系统<span class="_ _3"></span>的协调和控制；<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ff2">LCD1602<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>用于显示当</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">前温<span class="_ _3"></span>度值<span class="_ _3"></span>和目标<span class="_ _3"></span>温度<span class="_ _3"></span>值；<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_"> </span></span>温度传<span class="_ _3"></span>感器<span class="_ _3"></span>负责<span class="_ _3"></span>实时<span class="_ _3"></span>采集<span class="_ _3"></span>水箱<span class="_ _3"></span>内水的<span class="_ _3"></span>温度<span class="_ _3"></span>；加<span class="_ _3"></span>热棒<span class="_ _3"></span>作为</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">加热元件，通过继电器的通断来控制其加热过程。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">三、软件设计及算法实现</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ye ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1. PID<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">算法控制</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">本系统采用<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff2">PID<span class="_"> </span></span>算法进行闭环控制<span class="_ _3"></span>，通过<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_"> </span></span>温度传感器<span class="_ _3"></span>采集的温<span class="_ _3"></span>度值与目标<span class="_ _3"></span>温度值</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">进行比较，<span class="_ _7"></span>计算出误差值，<span class="_ _7"></span>并根据<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PID<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>算法进行计算，<span class="_ _7"></span>输出<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PWM<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>信号控制加热棒的加热过</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y11 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程。当温度高于或低于目标值时，<span class="ff2">PID<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>算法会迅速调整<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PWM<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>输出，使温度迅速回归到目标</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y12 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">值。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y13 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2. <span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff1">温度显示及按键设置</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y14 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">LCD1602<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff1">显示屏用于实时显示当前温度值和目标温度值。<span class="_ _9"></span>用户可以通过<span class="_ _2"></span>“功能”键进行模式切</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y15 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">换，在正常温度控<span class="_ _3"></span>制和设置模式之间切<span class="_ _3"></span>换。在设置模式下<span class="_ _3"></span>，用户可以通过<span class="ff2">“</span>加<span class="_ _3"></span>值<span class="ff2">”</span>和<span class="ff2">“</span>减值<span class="ff2">”</span>键</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y16 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">来调整目标温度值。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">四、程序流程及实现</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y18 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程序流程<span class="_ _3"></span>主要包括<span class="_ _3"></span>初始化、<span class="_ _3"></span>数据采集<span class="_ _3"></span>、<span class="ff2">PID<span class="_"> </span></span>计算、<span class="ff2">PWM<span class="_"> </span></span>输出、继电器<span class="_ _3"></span>控制等步<span class="_ _3"></span>骤。首先<span class="_ _3"></span>，</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y19 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程序<span class="_ _3"></span>对<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff2">51<span class="_"> </span></span>单<span class="_ _3"></span>片<span class="_ _3"></span>机<span class="_ _3"></span>、<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ff2">LCD1602<span class="_"> </span></span>显<span class="_ _3"></span>示屏<span class="_ _3"></span>、<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_"> </span></span>温<span class="_ _3"></span>度<span class="_ _3"></span>传<span class="_ _3"></span>感<span class="_ _3"></span>器<span class="_ _3"></span>等<span class="_ _3"></span>硬<span class="_ _3"></span>件进<span class="_ _3"></span>行<span class="_ _3"></span>初<span class="_ _3"></span>始<span class="_ _3"></span>化<span class="_ _3"></span>设<span class="_ _3"></span>置<span class="_ _3"></span>。<span class="_ _3"></span>然<span class="_ _3"></span>后，</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程序进入循环，<span class="_ _7"></span>不断采集当前温度值，<span class="_ _7"></span>与目标温度值进行比较，<span class="_ _7"></span>计算出误差值。<span class="_ _7"></span>接着，<span class="_ _7"></span>根据</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">PID<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff1">算<span class="_ _3"></span>法<span class="_ _3"></span>进<span class="_ _3"></span>行<span class="_ _3"></span>计<span class="_ _3"></span>算<span class="_ _3"></span>，<span class="_ _3"></span>输<span class="_ _3"></span>出<span class="_ _4"> </span></span>PWM<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff1">信<span class="_ _3"></span>号<span class="_ _3"></span>控<span class="_ _3"></span>制<span class="_ _3"></span>加<span class="_ _3"></span>热<span class="_ _3"></span>棒<span class="_ _3"></span>的<span class="_ _a"></span>加<span class="_ _3"></span>热<span class="_ _3"></span>过<span class="_ _3"></span>程<span class="_ _3"></span>。<span class="_ _3"></span>当<span class="_ _3"></span>温<span class="_ _3"></span>度<span class="_ _3"></span>达<span class="_ _3"></span>到<span class="_ _3"></span>或<span class="_ _3"></span>接<span class="_ _3"></span>近<span class="_ _3"></span>目<span class="_ _3"></span>标<span class="_ _3"></span>值<span class="_ _3"></span>时<span class="_ _3"></span>，</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程序会通过继电器控制加热棒的通断，以保持水温的稳定。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">五、总结</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">本文介绍了一个基于<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">51<span class="_"> </span></span>单片机的恒温水箱控制程序的设计与实现。该系统采用<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2">PID<span class="_"> </span></span>算法进</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">行闭环<span class="_ _3"></span>控制<span class="_ _3"></span>，通过<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff2">DS18B20<span class="_"> </span></span>温度传感<span class="_ _3"></span>器进<span class="_ _3"></span>行温度<span class="_ _3"></span>采集<span class="_ _3"></span>，并通<span class="_ _3"></span>过<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">PWM<span class="_"> </span></span>输出<span class="_ _3"></span>和继电<span class="_ _3"></span>器控<span class="_ _3"></span>制加</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611830,0.000000,0.000000,1.611830,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>